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Infrared ray is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between microwave and visible light. It has the same essence as radio wave and visible light. Its wavelength is between 770 nm and 1 mm, and it is located outside the red light in spectrum. Infrared rays can be divided into near infrared rays (700~2000nm), medium infrared rays (3000~5000nm) and far infrared rays (8000~14000nm).
First, the ability to penetrate clouds is stronger than visible light. First, use infrared to observe the low-altitude water vapor content for weather forecast; Secondly, on a sunny day, infrared rays are used to observe the atmospheric CO Χ content and estimate the greenhouse effect; Third, use infrared rays to observe air pollution in sunny days. Secondly, infrared rays have a 
strong thermal effect and are easily absorbed by objects, and are usually used as heat sources. Commonly known as infrared light. It is the thermal effect that dipoles and free charges in organisms are arranged in the direction of electromagnetic field under the action of electromagnetic field. In this process, the irregular movement of molecules and atoms is intensified, and heat is generated. When the infrared radiation has sufficient intensity, it exceeds the heat dissipation capacity of the organism, which will cause the local temperature of the irradiated organism to rise. This is the thermal effect of infrared radiation. Infrared thermal effect is the physical basis of designing and manufacturing thermal infrared detectors. In life, infrared heat effect is used in infrared sterilization and infrared therapy. Third, detect the defects of thermal conductivity. If there is a defect inside the object, the temperature distribution at the defect will change. For the thermal insulation defect, the defect is a "hot spot" due to heat accumulation during front inspection, and the defect is a low temperature during back inspection. For the defect of thermal conductivity, the temperature at the defect is a low temperature point while the temperature at the defect detected on the back is a "hot spot". It can be seen that the infrared detection technology can visually detect the surface and shallow defects and scope of the material.
According to the product and technology category, it can be divided into: infrared sensor, infrared imager, infrared material,
optical element, refrigerator, preamplifier, special signal reading and processing circuit, image processing, system design, system detection, simulation and test, etc. According to the application fields, it can be divided into: security field, fire fighting field, electric power field, enterprise process control field, medical field, construction field, remote sensing field, etc. Infrared technology has been widely used in army, sea and air services, among which infrared imaging precision guidance is one of the mainstream directions of infrared technology application in various countries. The application of infrared thermal imager in China's security, fire protection, electric power, construction and other industries is still in the initial stage, with huge development space, and the future market space will exceed the military demand.
The infrared thermometer consists of optical system, photoelectric detector, signal amplifier, signal processing, display and output, etc. The principle of temperature measurement is to convert the radiant energy of infrared rays emitted by an object (such as molten steel) into electrical signals. The radiant energy of infrared rays corresponds to the temperature of the object (such as molten steel) itself, and the temperature of the object (such as molten steel) can be determined according to the converted electrical signals. At present, some infrared thermometers are infrared thermometers, industrial infrared thermometers and two-color infrared thermometers. Among them, industrial infrared thermometers measure the surface temperature of objects, and are used in various industrial objects such as detection, fire detection, ship, painting, ink, petrochemical industry, machinery manufacturing and so on. Two-color infrared thermometer is widely used, especially in iron and steel industry, metal heat treatment, metal processing and casting.
