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Optical fiber is a kind of fiber made of glass or plastic, which uses the light transmission tool to transmit light in these fibers by the principle of total internal reflection. It consists of a fiber core, cladding and protective sheath. Usually, the transmitting device at one end of the fiber uses a light-emitting diode or a laser to send light pulses into the fiber, and the receiving device at the other end of the fiber uses a photosensitive component to detect the pulse. Since the transmission loss of information in optical fibers is much lower than the loss of electricity conduction in wires, it is often used as a long-distance information transmission medium. Optical fibers can be divided into single-mode optical fibers and multi-mode optical fibers.
The main reason for the rapid development of optical fiber is that it has the following characteristics: One, the transmission bandwidth is very wide and the communication capacity is large. Two, the transmission loss is small, the relay distance is long, especially suitable for long-distance transmission. Three, strong anti-lightning and anti-electromagnetic interference ability. Four, good confidentiality, not easy to be eavesdropped or intercepted. Five, small size and light weight. Six, low bit error rate and high transmission reliability. Seven, prices are falling.
Optical fiber is divided into single-mode fiber and multi-mode fiber according to the transmission mode.
Single-mode fiber: When the geometric size of the fiber can be compared with the wavelength of light, that is, when the geometric size of the core diameter is not much different from the wavelength of the optical signal, it is generally 5~10um, and the wavelength is generally 1330nm or 1550nm. Optical fiber only allows one mode to propagate in it, and single-mode fiber has an extremely wide bandwidth, which is especially suitable for large-capacity, long-distance optical fiber communication. Its characteristics are: small core diameter, about 8.3μm; only one mode of light wave is transmitted; frequency bandwidth; dispersion is small; the transmission distance is long.
Multimode fiber: The geometric size of the multimode fiber core is much larger than the wavelength of the light wave, generally 50um, 62.5um, and the wavelength is generally 850nm, 1300nm; the optical signal is propagated in multiple modes; Small-capacity, short-distance optical fiber transmission communication. Its characteristics are: the diameter of the fiber core is large; it can transmit light waves of various modes; it will produce dispersion of light; the transmission distance is limited. Multimode fiber is often cost-effective in buildings or on corporate campuses.
Optical fiber connectors can be divided into: FC, SC, ST, LC, D4, DIN, MU, MT-R and other types according to the structure of the connector. The commonly used ones are FC, SC, ST and LC.
